Vanilla extract
Vanilla extract is cured vanilla beans steeped in alcohol until their flavor moves into the liquid. By US federal standard, the pure version must be at least 35 percent alcohol and made with a set minimum of beans, which is why the real bottle smells boozy and the price stings.
More than 8,000 recipes on Recipeland reach for it, mostly a teaspoon at a time.
Pure extract carries over 250 flavor and aroma compounds. Imitation vanilla carries essentially one, vanillin, usually synthesized rather than extracted.
That sounds like a rout, but it is not the whole story.